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Renal/Genitourinary Knowledge Check

Home » POCUS Knowledge Checks » Renal/Genitourinary Knowledge Check

Renal/Genitourinary POCUS Knowledge Check

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This Knowledge Check for renal/genitourinary point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) gives you an opportunity to test your POCUS knowledge. Each question offers an explanation of the answer, and you'll receive feedback about your final score.

Which of the following is associated with the twinkling artifact?

Ureteral calculus

Renal calcifications

Bladder calcifications

What is the classic appearance given to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis on ultrasound?

Bear paw

Bat wing

Seashore

Image courtesy of Fujifilm Sonosite

A 28-year-old Caucasian female student presented to the clinic with a history of nausea and left side flank pain. There is no history of trauma. She does give a history of passing gravel in the urine. A POCUS renal ultrasound exam was performed. The image above was obtained of the left kidney.

The ultrasound findings are consistent with:

Mild hydronephrosis

Polycystic kidney

Renal cyst

A 65-year-old Asian male presented to the clinic for a routine physical exam. He is a known smoker. He has a Previous Medical History of, Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type II and ongoing tobacco use. He did not complain of chest pain or dyspnea. The patient does complain of mild discomfort and pain in the lower abdomen, increased frequency of urination and occasional blood in the urine. He does not have any episodes of passing gravel in the urine.

There is a family history of ischemic heart disease, and cardiovascular accident.

Temp - 98.4°F/36.9°C, HR - 68 BPM, BP – 140/90 mm Hg, RR – 22 per minute

There was no other significant finding. The patient was concerned that he may have Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A POCUS exam was performed to examine the kidneys, ureters and bladder. The kidneys were of normal length and echotexture showed no evidence of a mass, calculus or hydronephrosis. The bladder scan was performed as well, and the following is the longitudinal image of the bladder. The echogenic lesion inside the bladder did not move when the patient was rolled to the left and right lateral decubitus position.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Bladder calculus

Normal bladder with focal contraction of detrusor muscle

Bladder mass with possible bladder carcinoma

A 25-year-old Hispanic male presented to the Emergency Department with a history of nausea, vomiting and pain in the right flank for the past 3 days. The patient took Tylenol tablets and had no relief. There was no significant past medical or family history. There was no history of chest pain or trauma. A quick POCUS abdominal scan was performed. The image above was obtained in the region of the right flank.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Right ureteric calculus with right hydroureter

Appendicolith

Small bowel obstruction

A POCUS ultrasound exam was performed to examine the kidneys, ureters and bladder in a 45-year-old African American female who presented with recurrent urinary tract infection. The bladder and right kidney were normal sonographically. Above is the image obtained while scanning the left kidney in the transverse view.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Simple renal cyst

Renal calculus

Renal carcinoma

A 65-year-old Caucasian female presented to the Emergency Room with a history of a fall. Vitals were stable. The Emergency Room physicians performed a quick E-FAST exam to rule out the possibility of internal bleeding. The above image and video were obtained of the bladder while the clinician applied pressure to the bladder through the abdominal wall.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Bladder diverticulum

Pseudoaneurysm

Bladder rupture

A 28-year-old female presented to the Emergency Room with a history of pain in the flank region for past 2 years. She did not remember having an ultrasound being performed on her. The physician performed a POCUS exam to rule out the possibility of renal stones or hydronephrosis. The image and video above were obtained on the right side.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Polycystic kidney disease

Moderate hydronephrosis

Renal cell carcinoma

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